What lessons can the joint force and its interagency partners learn from such episodes? For one, the Mantell incident and other military UAP sightings make it clear that misidentification remains a common problem in complex operating environments. While it was initially reported that Mantell could have been “chasing” Venus, later investigations revealed that he likely died chasing a Navy Skyhook research balloon. Lacking the requisite oxygen for such a trip, Mantell lost consciousness and crashed near Franklin, Kentucky. Disregarding the F-51’s specified parameters, as well as his own physical limitations, Mantell ascended to a dangerous altitude of 20,000 feet while in pursuit. Although neither of his wingmen could see anything in the air that fateful afternoon, Mantell believed he could see an object both ahead of and above his plane. When no one in the tower could identify the object, the base commander at Godman directed a trio of Kentucky Air National Guard F-51s to investigate. On January 7, 1948, public reports of a UFO traveling southwest through Ohio and Kentucky were verified by the control towers at a dozen Midwestern airfields, including the tower at Godman Army Airfield at Fort Knox. One early incident that drew the scrutiny of both the public and the military involved the death of a pilot and the destruction of his plane. Periodically, the national security community has become similarly intrigued. Since at least the end of World War II, the public has been fascinated by the appearance of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and other unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs). Project High Dive anthropomorphic dummy launch, White Sands Proving Ground, New Mexico, J(DOD/Air Force Declassification Office)
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2009 Jun 3(2):89-95.Nocturnal lagophthalmos (NL) refers to the inability to close the eyelids during sleep, which is known to affect dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and sleep quality. A novel lid seal evaluation: the korb-blackie light test. Nocturnal lagophthalmos: an overview and classification. 4 Keep in mind that it is as important to examine the closed eye as it is the open eye in order to clue in to this subtle and easily overlooked pathology.ġ. Related: Screen younger patients for dry eyeĮstimates suggest four to 20 percent of the population have lagophthalmos. Similarly, patients should be instructed to perform “blink exercises” to fully and completely spread the tear film, hopefully developing a healthy blink habit. Lid hygiene and environmental and dietary changes (such as the addition of omega supplements) can enhance the tear film and target meibomian gland dysfunction. Treatment of nocturnal lagophthamol/lagophthalmos ranges from supportive therapy to surgery however, bolstering the ocular surface and tear film to buffer the surface problems associated with exposure is key. Also note the frequency and quality of a patient’s blink as she sits opposite you in the exam chair (technology, such as TearScience LipiView, can be very useful). These patients may exhibit secondary signs and symptoms related to inferior corneal exposure. Remember that patients with nocturnal lagophthalmos may also have daytime lagophthalmos with incomplete lid closure with each blink. Of course, associated history/conditions with lagopthalmos include seventh nerve dysfunction, trauma, prior eyelid surgery, and thyroid dysfunction. Then establish that the upper lid is not “hanging over” the lower lid-here is where the Blackie-Korb technique can add additional information. Check to see that thick eyelashes are not preventing full lid seal. Ask the patient to close his eyes as if asleep wait a few moments to limit intentional forced lid closure. In the lagophthalmos examination, use low-level light intensity with a fine slit beam to limit voluntary lid squeezing. Related: Using the SPEED questionnaire to identify dry eye There are a variety of causes of lagopthalmos that can be grouped as proptosis/eye exposure etiologies and palpebral insufficiency etiologies.Īlthough obvious lagophthalmos is usually detected, it is more challenging to identify obscure lagophthalmos due to either eyelash obstruction or overhang of the upper lid anterior and inferior to the most superior portion of the lower lid in a closed position. Lagophthalmos is associated with exposure keratopathy, poor sleep,3 and persistent exposure-related symptoms. Light emanating from between "closed" lids during the Korb-Blackie lid-light evaluation The amount of visible light emanating from the lid area between the lashes is quantified in which zero represents no light one represents minimal light two represents moderate light and three represents severe light around the temporal, central, and nasal sections of the eyelids. 2īriefly, the Korb-Blackie lid-light evaluation is performed by placing a transilluminator against the relaxed, closed, outer upper eyelids of semi-reclined patients. At the end of last year, Blackie and Korb published a paper that describes the Korb-Blackie light test-a method to establish if the lids are truly in contact with each other during normal eye closure. Any green glow visible is suggestive of incomplete lid contact. My method of checking for lagophthalmos is to instill fluorescein as usual, then look at the patient’s closed lids under cobalt blue light at the slit lamp from below. Mastrota: How hygiene products affect ocular surface and lids One of my favorite stories is about the young woman who said, “Yeah, my boyfriend always asks me why my eyes aren’t closed all the way when we kiss!” Sometimes it’s easy to spot lagophthalmos-sometimes, if you ask your patient about lid closure, they will report to you that they know about their incomplete lid closure, mostly when they sleep. Robert Latkany’s study on nocturnal lagophthalmos in 2006, 1 I am perpetually on the lookout for it, especially in the patients who present with dry eye symptoms. The practice was made even easier thanks to Honda’s luxury and performance division, Acura, which offered a series of high-performance engines that could easily be slotted into the Civic. Used Civics could be had for a steal and then easily modified, making them a favorite of gearheads worldwide. Combined with the Civic’s low starting price, that made it an intriguing prospect for tuners eager to pick up project cars on the cheap. The Civic’s popularity and ubiquity––Honda was moving over 250,000 units annually in the US alone by the early 1990s––meant that used Civics became very easy to find. The CR-X Si, released in 1985, would take this one step further, boasting a 135 hp engine that––while not monstrous by any means––went a long way in improving the Civic’s power-to-weight ratio. That all changed a decade later when Honda introduced the CR-X, a fastback version of the Civic that paved the way for performance-minded models to come. The nascent Civic earned high marks for its efficiency and low starting price but was an economy car through and through. The original Civic put fuel economy above all else, weighing 1,500 lbs and packing a mere 50 hp. When it first launched in 1973, few could have predicted that the Civic would eventually become one of the go-to cars for the tuner community. What makes the Honda Civic such an ideal tuner car, and how did it become one of the gearhead community’s favorite customization projects? We’ll dive into the Civic’s history to answer all that and more. But in the right hands, the Civic can easily be transformed into a thrilling ride that’s miles away from its economy car roots. The Civic is already an exceptionally customizable vehicle right out of the box, with a number of body styles and powerplants to choose from. However, many tuner cars are more instantly recognizable for the over-the-top paint jobs, wild rims, large spoilers, and other aesthetic modifications that help them stand out from the crowd. Popular modifications include tweaks to the engine and suspension. For those who might not be familiar with the lingo, a tuner refers to any vehicle that’s had parts modified or replaced to improve overall performance. While it’s easy to focus on the Civic’s legacy for value, the vehicle has a secret double life as one of the industry’s favorite tuner cars. The latest model made Car and Driver’s 10Best list, was named Motor Trend’s #1 Compact Sedan, and won Kelley Blue Book’s Compact Car Best Buy Award. With decades of dominance in its highly competitive segment, the car has earned its fair share of accolades, and the 2023 Honda Civic is no exception. Boasting impressive fuel efficiency and a low starting price, the Civic has earned its reputation as a dependable compact packed with value. There’s no denying that the Honda Civic is one of the most reliable, budget-friendly vehicles on the road today. Wall Street is battling to determine the future of work from home headquarters in New York, U.S., on Thursday, July 22, 2021. Office workers walk near the Goldman Sachs Group Inc. Gaining an anti-union reputation poses a financial risk to investors. Reputation is one of Starbucks’ greatest assets, said Kron. They’re recognizing that in the United States, the landscape is tilted heavily in favor of management and that the playing field is not even. Wall Street isn’t suddenly “waking up and putting union stickers all over themselves,” said Kron. That change could increase the company’s operating expenses this year by $203 million, according to Morgan Stanley, or just about 0.05% of the total in 2021. The Amazon Labor Union has said it wants to raise wages to a minimum of $29 an hour, up from an average hourly starting pay of $18. In 2021, another group of investors that held more than $20 billion in Amazon shares urged the company to let investors work to organize “without fear of reprisal, intimidation, or harassment.” They want the company to adopt a global policy of neutrality toward attempts by its workers to organize, and to work with employees who vote to unionize to reach “fair and timely” contracts. Trillium is leading a coalition of more than 75 investors representing at least $1.2 billion in Starbucks stock. “Workers need to have a voice and, and I think that’s a big part of where the recent focus on worker organizing has come from,” he said. Managing people effectively has become increasingly important, said Jonas Kron, chief advocacy officer at Trillium Asset Management. It drives prosperity and creates a more competitive landscape for talent, pushing companies to create better, more innovative environments for their employees - actions that will help them achieve greater profits for their shareholders.” In his annual letter to investors, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink wrote that “workers demanding more from their employers is an essential feature of effective capitalism. Now, they’re looking closely at the S, for social, when deciding where to put their money. Howard Schultz suspends Starbucks' share buyback programįorward-thinking investors have long considered the E, for environment, in ESG when evaluating a company’s future viability. The low rates of unionization come at a time when 68% of Americans approve of labor unions, the highest level since 1965, according to Gallup.įormer chairman and CEO of Starbucks, and United States 2020 presidential candidate Howard Schultz visits Fox & Friends at Fox News Channel Studios on Apin New York City. In 1983, about 20% of employees belonged to a union by 2021 that number had dropped to just over 10%, according to data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. These efforts have paid off for corporations. This adversarial ideology is deeply rooted in the ideology of management.”Ī recent Economic Policy Institute analysis found that private-sector employers spend nearly $340 million per year hiring advisers to prevent employees from organizing. “There is a belief that management has private property rights to control what occurs in the workplace, and that unions are an outside third party. “Since the 1980s, management’s perspective was that unions are the devil,” said Harry Katz, professor of collective bargaining at Cornell University’s School of Industrial & Labor Relations. That has left some institutional investors questioning whether unions are as bad for shareholders as corporate executives claim they are. And a tightening labor market has emphasized the importance of low attrition rates and high employee satisfaction. Now, employees are stepping up their efforts to unionize, most prominently at Amazon and Starbucks. Wall Street and private businesses have funneled millions of dollars into anti-union tactics and lobbying, and they’ve gotten what they wanted: Union membership has been on a steady decline in the United States for the past four decades. The raw score is then added to the adjusted multiple choice score to receive a composite score. The free response section is hand-graded by hundreds of educators each June. This total is multiplied by 1.2 to calculate the adjusted multiple-choice score. The multiple choice section is scored by computer, with a correct answer receiving 1 point, with omitted and incorrect answers not affecting the raw score. However, students may continue to work on Section II Part A during the entire Free-Response time, although without a calculator during the later two thirds. Students are required to put away their calculators after 30 minutes have passed during the Free-Response section, and only at that point may begin Section II Part B. The two parts of the multiple choice section are timed and taken independently. They are usually administered on a Tuesday morning in May. Both exams are three hours and fifteen minutes long, comprising a total of 45 multiple choice questions and six free response questions. The structures of the AB and BC exams are identical. However, they do not count the AB sub-score piece of the BC exam. The AP awards given by College Board count both exams. Some schools do this, though many others only require precalculus as a prerequisite for Calculus BC. The College Board intentionally schedules the AP Calculus AB exam at the same time as the AP Calculus BC exam to make it impossible for a student to take both tests in the same academic year, though the College Board does not make Calculus AB a prerequisite class for Calculus BC. Using partial fractions to integrate rational functions.Differential equations for logistic growth.Arc length calculations using integration.Polar functions (including arc length in polar coordinates and calculating area).Topic outline ĪP Calculus BC includes all of the topics covered in AP Calculus AB, as well as the following: It includes all topics covered in Calculus AB plus additional topics.Students who take an AP Calculus course should do so with the intention of placing out of a comparable college calculus course. Limits of functions (one and two sided)ĪP Calculus BC Part of a series of articles aboutĬalculus BC is a full-year course in the calculus of functions of a single variable.Analysis of graphs (predicting and explaining behavior).An AP Calculus AB course is typically equivalent to one semester of college calculus. The material includes the study and application of differentiation and integration, and graphical analysis including limits, asymptotes, and continuity. Calculus AB can be offered as an AP course by any school that can organize a curriculum for students with advanced mathematical ability. The two courses and the two corresponding exams are designated as Calculus AB and Calculus BC. The AP Program includes specifications for two calculus courses and the exam for each course. It is expected that students who take an AP course in calculus will seek college credit, college placement, or both, from institutions of higher learning. The Pre-Advanced Placement pathway for math helps prepare students for further Advanced Placement classes and exams.Īn AP course in calculus consists of a full high school academic year of work that is comparable to calculus courses in colleges and universities. It is traditionally taken after precalculus and is the first calculus course offered at most schools except for possibly a regular calculus class. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus additional topics (including integration by parts, Taylor series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions).ĪP Calculus AB is an Advanced Placement calculus course. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. Mr.Two Advanced Placement courses and exams This article is part of a series onĪdvanced Placement ( AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / Calc BC or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. US Mathematics Students of the Trimester – Winter 2021.2021 AP Calculus BC Free Response Questions & Answers!.US Mathematics Students of the Trimester – Spring 2021.2022 AP Calculus BC Free Response Questions & Answers!.The Williston Northampton School’s Mathematics Department’s mission is to develop competence, confidence, and perseverance in our students, allowing them to realize the relevance and importance of an exceptional mathematical education both for its beauty and for its practical application. Shuck eight ears of corn and cut them in half. Her eggnog recipe can double as a custard sauce. Paula deen biscuits and jamie sausage gravy. 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The contractors say the bridge district “concealed significant information” about the deterioration during the bidding process, and that prospective bidders were given access only to limited parts of the bridge during walk-throughs, and were not allowed to shoot photos in areas that were not accessible to the public or to take measurements.ĭetails about the deterioration also were redacted from publicly available copies of state court records in San Francisco, where the lawsuit was filed. The other bidder, American Bridge Co., bid $172 million. Records show the joint venture was the lower of two bidders for the project with its $142-million price. It initially priced the work lower than it would have if it had been aware of the span’s condition. The joint venture says it was unaware of bridge deterioration that has inhibited the team's ability to perform work. A modernized electric traveler would replace a diesel-powered system from the 1950s, and its new running rails would allow for the net to be installed under the bridge. The plan also calls for construction of wind retrofits to account for the increased aerodynamic profile and wind load, and removal and replacement of a “traveler” system used to access the bridge underside for maintenance. The project includes building a physical suicide deterrent system with 385,000 sq ft of marine-grade stainless steel net stretched across 555 tons of steel supports that hold the net 20 ft out and 20 ft below both sides of most of the bridge’s 1.7-mile span. Their claims were filed in a cross-complaint of a case originally filed against them last year by Vigor Works LLC, a structural steel supplier that says it is still owed millions of dollars for the project. The district “seeks to hold hostage and have it complete the work with no adjustment in price,” the joint venture firms allege. |
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